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Posted in: Answers for tg,Applications,Class 0,Class 1,Class 2,class 3,Class 4,Class 5,Class 6,comp 1,Question Bank,Questions,Syllabus,Today's G.K,UPSC2011

Class 3 Part II

                       Regional Kingdoms

 First comes the Bengal (1717-1765)

Bengal 


           *Founded by Murshid Quli Khan.

Murshid Quli Khan (1717-1727)

          
           * He transferres the Bengaal's capital from Dakha to Murshidabad.
           * He gave agricultural loan to peasants and it was called "Taqqavi"




Siaraj-ud-daula (5th person after the above)(1756-1757)


           * In his reign, British started fortifying Calcutta.
           * The Nawab Siraj ordered to demolish the fortification of Calcutta by the British and Chandranagore by the French.
           * French obeyed and British refused.
           * Nawab captured Calcutta.
           * Calcutta was captured by Siraj-ud-daula and in June 20, 1756, the Black Hole Episode took Place.
           * This news reached Madras and Robert Clive came with his army.

           * Battle of Plassey took place in June 23, 1757.

           * Robert Clive bribed the four important persons from Siraj's side. They are 
                 1. Mir Jafar           =   Commander in Chief

                 2. Jagat Seth         =   Important Banker In Calcutta

                 3. Omni Chand     =    Important Merchant In Calcutta

                 4. Manik Chand   =    Officer Incharge Of Calcutta

           * In this cheating Battle, Siraj was beheaded by his own soldier.


Mir Jafar (1757-1760)


               * Now the Bengal became not only the sponsored state but also plundered stage.





  (To be continued.....)

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Class 3 Part I

              I missed the Class 2 because of the department function in our college. Will update it Tomorrow. Now to the third class. In second class the Coming of Europeans was discussed. Now to THE LATER MUGHALS

The links in the middle takes you to some other blog pages which gives you those relevant details

             Before reading: We are well aware of the mughals from Babur to Aurangazeb. But dont know after him. But as far as UPSC exams are considered, it is the most crucial part. There are some points given in highlights here. They are irrelevant to this topic. But are important questions.

                          Later Mughals

             As we all know Aurangazeb is the last fittest emperor of the Mughal Empire> These are the Emperors who succeeded him.

1. Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712)

          * One of the sons of Aurangazeb.
          * Original Name - Muhammad Muazzam
          * He released the Maratha Prince Shahu and the maratha civil war started in 1707.
             (as you know, history is lika a spider web. The link shahu provides the story of prince shahu)

2. Jahander Shah (1712-1713)

          * He abolished the Jizyah tax (poll tax), levied on non muslims in a muslim country.
          * He gave the title "Sawai" to Jai Singh Of Amber (Old Name Of Jaipur)
          * He came to throne with the help of a minister Zulfigar Khan.
          * He was killed by Sayyid brothers (Abdullah Sayyid, Hussein Ali Sayyid) famously known as King Makers.

3. Faruk siyar (1713-1719)

         * He killed the Sikh commander Banda Bahadur
         * He came to throne with the help of same Sayyid brothers.
         * And in 1719 he (he he he) was killed by the same Sayyid Brothers.

4. Muhammad Shah I (1719-1749)

        * He was famously known as Muhammad shah Rangeela.
        * During his period, India was ruled by the persian ruler, Nadir Shah.
           (Personal advice, click advice)
        * Nadir Shah Took away Kohinoor Diamond And Peacock Throne.

5. Ahamad Shah (1749-1754)

        * During his period, the first invasion of Afghan Ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali took place.


6. Alamgir II (1754-1759)

        * Nothing important about him. Just a joke regarding his name. Click Alamgir to view.

7. Shah Alam II (1759-1806)

        * His original Name was Ali Gauhar.
        * He participated in Third Battle Of Panipet in 1761.
        * He participated in the Battle Of Buxar in 1764.
        * In 1803, Delhi was captured for the first time by The British and Shah Alam II became the Pensioner of British. (Nearly 2600000 per year)

8. Akbar II (1806-1837)

       * He gave the title Raja to Ram Mohan Rai and persuaded him to go to London for asking more pension.
       * But Raja Ram Mohan Rai died at Bristol in 1833.

9. Bahadur Shah II (1837-1857-1862)

       * He was a King without Kingdom.
       * After Revolt of 1857, he was deported/exiled to Rangoon (Former capital Of Burma) in Burma.


     (Will read about revolt in next class) Next the Third Lesson will be continued in next post to avoid confusion..

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Blcak hole episode

After the capture of Calcutta, the Nawab went back to Murshidabad for retiring in night. Meanwhile one of his generals, locked all the british prisoners in a poor ventilllated room with just a small hole. The next morning nearly all of them are suffocated to death. This is called Black Hole Episode by the historians.

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Panipat

This place is now in Haryana.
It is one of the important battle fields which decided the history of India.
This is the place where Babur defeated the last Lodi and established the Mughal Empire.

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Some names and their meanings

Akbar = The great.
Alamgir = Alam + Gir = World + conqueror
Shahjahan = Shah + Jahan = King + World
Now,
       I hope you know what Jahangir means ;-)
Simple worlds scrambled gives new names lol.

All the best

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Koh-i-noor diamond's story

These are the images of the Koh-i-noor. to know more about it, click wiki Its very interesting. Dont miss it.

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Personal Advice

The best way to remember the chronological order of the Mughal Empire and the other Famous dynasties like Slave Dynasty, Lodi dynasty, etc.. is to read the book   "Vandhargal Vendrargal" by Famous Writer 'Sujatha'. 

'சுஜாதா' அவர்கள் எழுதிய "வந்தார்கள் வென்றார்கள்"

In that he describes the invasion of Ghajini, Nadir Shah and even the story of Kohinoor Diamond. Dont read it for the years though. :-)

All the best

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Rangeela

He was the first Muslim King to celebrate Holi
He was very fond of natural colors and hence the name Rangeela.

All the best

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Jizyah Tax

*Jizyah Tax is a poll tax
*It is levied on non-muslims in a Islamic country.
*It was abolished by Akbar the great earlier, but reintroduced by Aurangazeb later.
*Again Jizyah Tax was abolished by the Later Mughal Jahander Shah.

All the best

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Story of Prince Shahu

Shahu was one of the descedants of Chatrapathi Shivaji. Here is his story and how it is related to later mughals.

Shivaji ruled Marathas from 1627 to 1680. He had two sons Sambaji and Rajaram. 

In 1989 in the Battle of sangameshwar, Sambaji was killed by Mughal Forces and his son Shahu was taken as a prisoner. He was released by Bahadur Shah and he came back to his kingdom.

                                      
                                            Shivaji (1627-1680)
                                   _____________|_____________
                                   |                                         |
                    Sambaji (1680-1689)                Rajaram (1689-1700)                 
                                   |                                         |
                      Shahu (1707-....)                   Shivaji II(1700-1707)

Meanwhile as Sambaji was killed, his brother Rajaram ascended the throne. After his death his son Shivaji II ascended the throne. As he was very young, hiss mother Tara bai ruled the kingdom for him. When Shahu returned and asked his kingdom, she refused and so the civil war started. Shahu defeated Tara bai and ascended the throne.

Lets see the remaining details in Mararthas lesson. 

All the best

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